Abstract
A new class of technology known as transient electronics has the potential to reduce electronic waste with its unique ability to dissolve under a specific condition. Biodegradable batteries are essential to realizing fully integrated and self-sufficient systems. Pure magnesium-based materials are among the widely explored transient electrodes due to their superior mechanical properties. However, such materials have rapid degradation rates. AZ31, an alloy of Mg containing 3 % aluminum (Al) and 1 % zinc (Zn) by weight, has more stable corrosion product layers, making them advantageous as anode materials. In this work, the electrochemical performance of the two full cell combinations of Mg and AZ31 anodes each paired with copper oxide (CuO) cathode were compared in a seawater electrolyte. To produce the cathodes, pristine copper foils were galvanostatically anodized at a current density of 2.0 mA/cm2 for 90 min. Results showed that AZ31-based cell has a higher specific energy of 1.63 J/cm2 compared to pure Mg-based cell which has 1.08 J/cm2. The observed nominal operating voltages for an AZ31-based cell were 1.1 V for the first 0.6 h and remained at 0.8 V for the next 5.6 h when discharged at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2. The AZ31-based cell also yields a better specific capacity of 2.17 mAh/cm2 and a discharge time of 8.68 h, which is twice the capacity and the discharge life of a pure Mg-based cell. The reported increase in performance is attributed to the presence of alloying components in the anode which limits the parasitic corrosion inherent in a pure Mg anode.
