Abstract
The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly increasing as part of the energy transition aimed at limiting human influence on global warming. This technology can replace numerous carbon-based systems to limit carbon dioxide production. However, these batteries are subject to the intrinsic risk of thermal runaway, which can lead to fires. The specificities of those fires are mainly due to, the materials used in the batteries, the specific propagation mode of thermal runaway and the extinguishing difficulties. In light of public concerns regarding the environmental impact of fires, estimating the potential consequences of these incidents and considering both short-term toxicity and long-term effects has become a significant issue. To address this objective, this paper proposes a review of existing data on lithium-ion battery fire emissions. This review shows that, while some data are available regarding acute toxicity through emitted gases, very few exist on other gases or particles that could lead to long-term consequences. Furthermore, the different types of emissions, water pollution, or direct impacts on the ground are rarely studied, even though they could be the primary sources of pollution from large lithium-ion battery fires.
