Solar Collector Prototype using Recycled Materials: Thermal, Environmental, and Social Evaluation

Abstract

Inadequate solid waste management and limited access to hot water remain significant challenges in rural Andean communities. This study aimed to design and evaluate a flat-plate solar collector prototype built from locally available recycled materials as a sustainable alternative for water heating and for reducing environmental impacts.The study followed an experimental approach, supported by thermal simulation to assess system performance under real operating conditions. Type K thermocouples and a pyranometer were used to measure inlet and outlet water temperatures, as well as solar irradiance. Thermal efficiency was determined using a standard energy balance. Results showed outlet water temperatures between 45 °C and 52 °C under an average solar irradiance of 800 W/m², with a thermal efficiency close to 49%, comparable to low-cost commercial collectors. Approximately 32.2 kg of solid waste were reused per unit. Although some limitations related to material durability and climatic variability were identified, the results highlight the feasibility of implementing this technology in rural settings, contributing to circular economy strategies and sustainable development goals.