Abstract
The paper and paperboard industry generates substantial quantities of paper dust, an underutilized byproduct typically disposed of through incineration or landfilling, leading to environmental and economic inefficiencies. This study developed and validated a detailed Aspen Plus kinetic model to simulate the downdraft gasification of densified paper dust briquettes, aiming to valorize this waste stream for energy generation. The model incorporated both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction kinetics across pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction zones and was validated using experimental data at equivalence ratios of 0.35, 0.37, and 0.39. The model accurately predicted syngas composition and syngas flow rates, achieving normalized root mean square error values below 16 % across all equivalence ratios conditions. Deviations for CO, CO2, and N2 were within 10 %, while H2 and CH4 showed higher deviations due to their sensitivity to reduction zone kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium assumptions, consistent with prior literature. These results confirm the model's reliability for predicting gasification performance under realistic operational conditions. The validated framework provides a practical tool for process evaluation, optimization, and future integration with co-gasification strategies involving other waste streams. It also supports techno-economic and life cycle assessments to inform sustainable waste-to-energy applications. Overall, this research advances biomass valorization, promotes circular economy practices within the paper industry, and contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 9, 12, and 13) by enabling low-carbon, resource-efficient energy solutions.
