Energy Efficiency Programs as a Pillar of Low-Carbon Development Strategy and Equitable Access: Evidence-Based Data from Greece

Abstract

Energy efficiency improvements and retrofitting programs in the residential sector, can play a pivotal role in the implementation of low-carbon development strategies while also cutting household energy costs. Limited access to affordable and reliable energy remains a significant barrier for low-income populations, restricting their ability to meet basic needs such as heating, lighting, and cooking and exacerbating social and economic inequalities. Integrating social equity into climate policies can mitigate environmental impacts and improve living conditions. However, vulnerable households are often underrepresented in energy efficiency programs due to economic barriers imposed by existing financial loan schemes. This study examines the accessibility of Greek energy efficiency initiatives for vulnerable households and confirms their systemic exclusion from the programs. The work underlines the need for targeted policy interventions and also correlates various factors affecting energy poverty to identify their importance as tools in the implementation of relative strategies.