The study focuses on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a midstream iron and steel industry that specializes in producing cold-rolled coils (CRC) as the main product. Data on GHG emissions were collected and analysed for Scope 1, 2 and 3. This study demonstrates the development of new framework called the mass balance approach (MBA) to quantify the percentage of green steel production. The MBA serves as a transitional solution for reducing emissions for the iron and steel industry until advanced decarbonisation technologies become widely feasible. Findings show that green steel accounted for 15.5 % of the total 143,959 MT produced in FY24 was achieved by employing solar photovoltaic (PV) and more efficient compressed air systems (CAS) as emission-reduction strategies. This highlights the applicability of MBA as a systematic framework for assessing green steel production and supporting progress toward climate neutrality.
