Abstract
The disinfection of drinking water with gaseous chlorine remains a key element of urban and regional infrastructure, primarily due to its high microbiological effectivity and economic efficiency. However, due to the high toxicity and physicochemical properties of chlorine, this technology poses significant risks to both plant operators and the surrounding area. This paper presents an analysis of industrial accidents related to the operation of chlorine management systems in water treatment plants from 2005 to the present. The research is based on a review of international databases of industrial accidents (e.g., eMARS, ARIA, and CSB) and relevant published reports and technical reports from national supervisory authorities. The study classifies historical accidents based on their initiating events, which include technical failures of pressure systems, external influences, and human error. The results of the analysis suggest that while catastrophic integrity loss is rare, there are still numerous small and medium-scale leaks caused by corrosion, inadequate maintenance of dosing equipment, and improper handling when replacing pressure cylinders and drums. Based on a synthesis of the findings, the article proposes a set of general safety recommendations aimed at eliminating or mitigating the risks of such accidents. The conclusion of the paper emphasizes the need to incorporate inherent safety principles into the design and life cycle of water treatment plants to ensure a high level of protection for their surroundings.
